Edited by Ibeh Bartholomew Okechukwu, ISBN 978-953-51-2157-2, 260 pages, Publisher: InTech, Chapters published September 02, 2015 under CC BY 3.0 license
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| Schematic representation of HIV replication cycle. HIV initiates infection by attaching (1) to cellular receptors: CD4 and a chemokine receptor (co-receptor). The interactions with both receptors trigger the fusion between viral envelope with cellular membrane, either after endocytosis (2A) or by direct fusion with plasma membrane (2B). The release of viral nucleocapside into the cytoplasm (3) precedes the formation of the reverse transcriptase complex (RTC) where the reverse transcription takes place (4). The RTC transforms to the preintegration complex (PIC), composed by several cellular and viral components, that is imported to the nucleus where viral DNA is integrated into cellular chromosomal DNA (5 and 6). The proviral DNA is then transcribed (7) and mRNA migrates to the cytoplasm and translated to viral proteins (8). Assembly of different components of viral particles occurs at plasma membrane (9). After egress and release of immature virions (10), the proteolytical cleavage of Gag polyprotein takes place leading to mature virions (11). |
Drug
class
Nhóm
thuốc
|
Generic
name drug
Tên
hoạt chất
|
Trade
name/manufacturer/approval (year)
Biệt
dược/Nhà sản xuất/(Năm cấp số đăng ký)
|
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors
(NRTIs)
|
Abacavir (ABC)
Didanozine (ddl)
Emtricitabine (FTC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Tenofovir (TDF)
Zidovudine (AZT)
Zalcitabine (ddC)
|
Ziagen® ViiV Healthcare (1998)
Videx® Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
(1991)
Emtriva® Gilead Sci. (2003)
Epivir® GlaxoSmithKline (1995)
Zerit® Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
(1994)
Viread® Gilead Sci. (2001)
Retrovir® ViiV Healthcare (1987)
Hivid® Roche (1992)
|
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NNRTIs)
|
Delavirdine (DLV)
Efavirenz (EFV)
Nevirapine (NVP)
Etravirine (ETR)
Rilpivirine (RPV)
|
Rescriptor® Pfizer (1997)
Sustiva® Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
(1998)
Stocrin® Merck Sharp, Dohme (1998)
Viramune® Boehringer Ingelheim (1996)
Intelence® Janssen-Cilag (2008)
Edurant® Janssen-Cilag (2011)
|
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
|
Amprenavir
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Tipranavir
|
Agenerase® GlaxoSmithKline (1999)
Reyataz® Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
(2003)
Prezista® Janssen-Cilag (2006)
Lexiva® ViiV Healthcare (2003)
Crixivan® Merck & Co. (1996)
Kaletra® Abbott (2000)
Viracept® ViiV Healthcare (1997)
Norvir® AbbVie Inc. (1996)
Invirase® Roche (1995)
Aptivus® Boehringer Ingelheim (2005)
|
Fusion inhibitors
|
Enfuvirtide/T-20
|
Fuzeon® Hoffmann La Roche (2003)
|
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
(InSTIs)
|
Dolutegravir (DTG)
Elvitegravir (EVG)
Raltegravir (RAL)
|
Tivicay® GlaxoSmithKline (2013)
Stribild® Gilead Sci. (2012)
Isentress® Merck & Co. (2007)
|
Entry inhibitors
(CC chemokine receptor 5 [CCR5]
antagonists)
|
Selzentry
|
Maraviroc® Pfizer (2007)
|
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